ABSTRACT
Climate change is one of the main challenges and threats of the 21st century. Accordingly, the analysis in this study is based on the conceptual economic strategy of the United Nations Green Economy. Attention is paid to topical issues on the problem of climate change, since the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected human economic activities. For this study, three European Union member states have been selected for their economic performance and economic development: Germany, France and Italy. According to the statistics of the International Monetary Fund for 2020, the data on the GDP of these countries is the highest. Compared to other member states, the selected countries have the largest population. Moreover, the leaders of the three states have repeatedly expressed their concern about the problem of climate change. The paper provides a brief analysis of the most important international conferences devoted to the climate problem, as well as a comparison of the main approaches in relation to anthropological factors causing climate change. Unfortunately, the climate agenda is still viewed by some industrialists, government elites and energy sector businessmen as less significant than economic benefits. Academic circles are also divided and many believe that the transition to "green rails” is not feasible at the moment and the climate issue can be postponed. Thus, economic reforms, compliance with environmental recommendations, the introduction of legal and institutional mechanisms and methods remain under the responsibility of each state separately. The avoidance and reluctance of transformations allows us to speak about the initial stage of the formation of awareness of the climate threat. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
This work is devoted to the prospects for the recovery of the tourism industry after the Covid-19 pandemic in the context of the transformations of this industry, which are the consequences of the pandemic. The theoretical significance of the work is determined by tracing in it the patterns of recession and recovery of the globalized sphere of the world economy in the context of the global crisis, which has several dimensions, within the framework of a specific case. The practical significance of the work is due to the fact that, on the basis of identifying short and medium-term trends that contribute to the recovery of the tourism industry, recommendations are proposed to accelerate the latter and deepen the positive trends associated with it. The relevance of this work is due, on the one hand, to the need for the most effective means of restoring global tourism, on the other hand, the need to understand the impact of multidimensional crises on a global scale (such as the Covid-19 pandemic) on the globalized economy of the modern world and its individual industries. The world tourism industry as a part of the global economy was selected as the object of analysis. The subject of the study is the recovery process of the global tourism industry after the recession caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
Climate change is one of the main challenges and threats of the 21st century. Accordingly, the analysis in this study is based on the conceptual economic strategy of the United Nations Green Economy. Attention is paid to topical issues on the problem of climate change, since the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected human economic activities. For this study, three European Union member states have been selected for their economic performance and economic development: Germany, France and Italy. According to the statistics of the International Monetary Fund for 2020, the data on the GDP of these countries is the highest. Compared to other member states, the selected countries have the largest population. Moreover, the leaders of the three states have repeatedly expressed their concern about the problem of climate change. The paper provides a brief analysis of the most important international conferences devoted to the climate problem, as well as a comparison of the main approaches in relation to anthropological factors causing climate change. Unfortunately, the climate agenda is still viewed by some industrialists, government elites and energy sector businessmen as less significant than economic benefits. Academic circles are also divided and many believe that the transition to "green rails” is not feasible at the moment and the climate issue can be postponed. Thus, economic reforms, compliance with environmental recommendations, the introduction of legal and institutional mechanisms and methods remain under the responsibility of each state separately. The avoidance and reluctance of transformations allows us to speak about the initial stage of the formation of awareness of the climate threat. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.